Retrofitting SBR systems to nutrient removal in sensitive tourist areas

Retrofitting of existing SBR systems for nutrient removal is evaluated and defined for small communities in sensitive coastal areas, with seasonal flu ctuations in wastewater quantity and quality. The proposed approach is deve loped by means of basic process stoichiometry and verified using ASM2d. The efficiency of retrofitting is found to rely on the delicate balance betwee n the overall sludge age, the initial settled sludge volume in the reactor, and the ratio of the initial volume to the feed volume in each cycle, a pa rameter corresponding to the recycle ratio in continuous systems.