The hunt for party discipline in congress

We analyze party discipline in the House of Representatives between 1947 an d 1998. The effects of party pressures can be represented in a spatial mode l by allowing each party to have its own cutting line on roll call votes. A dding a second cutting line makes, at best, a marginal improvement over the standard single-line model. Analysis of legislators who switch parties sho ws, however, that party discipline is manifest in the location of the legis lator's ideal point. In contrast to our approach, we find that the Snyder-G roseclose method of estimating the influence of party discipline is biased toward exaggerating party effects.