Psychosocial and endocrine features of chronic first-episode major depression in 8-16 year olds

Background: Psychoendocrine processes may have a role in explaining individ ual differences in the outcome of major depression in 8-16-year-old school children. Methods: Salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels at 8:00 am and 8:00 pm, life events, and comorbidity were assessed at presentation , 36, and 72 weeks in 47 (60%) of 78 clinically referred subjects with a fi rst episode of major depression. Comparisons were made between chronic and nonchronic major depression. Results: Chronic depression was characterized by being older, cortisol hype rsecretion at 8:00 Pm at all three assessments, increasing depression-depen dent life events over the follow-up period, and comorbid obsessive-compulsi ve disorder (OCD) at presentation and at 36 weeks. Chronicity may be best p redicted by increasing depression-dependent events over the 72-week period. Such events are more likely in cases with evening cortisol hypersecretion at entry and persistent OCD. Variations in DHEA levels were not associated with chronicity or increasing life events. Conclusions: During adolescence, but not childhood, the persistence of majo r depression may occur through an increase of risk for further and particul ar types of depression-dependent undesirable life events (personal disappoi ntments and/or dangers to the self), that are more likely in those subjects with persisting cortisol hypersecretion and unresolved comorbid OCD. Biol Psychiatry 2001; 50:351-357 (C) 2001 Society of Biological Psychiatry.