History of surgical replacement of the esophagus

At the beginning of the twentieth century, surgeons often attempted operati ve esophagus replacement. At first, these operations had a palliative inten t to help the patients eat. Setbacks because of lack of experience in thora x surgery, infection problems and technical difficulties led to different a pproaches to a solution. The first successes occurred when a stomach tube w as formed with a abdominocollar high course and collar anastomosis. The his tory of surgical replacement of the esophagus is given in detail to the pre sent day and the development is discussed.