A surgical simulation system of skin sutures using a three-dimensional finite element method

Objective. To establish a surgical simulation system of skin sutures using a three-dimensional finite element method. Design. Three-dimensional finite element models were developed from point d ata obtained with a rapid three-dimensional surface-measuring device and po stoperative profiles were evaluated using these models. Background. Since suturing a wound may result in undesirable skin extrusion , it is important to make the extrusion as inconspicuous as possible. We ha ve investigated a means of determining appropriate suture methods to decrea se the extrusion. Methods. Affected body parts were measured non-invasively with a rapid thre e-dimensional surface-measuring device. Finite element models were prepared , and an appropriate method for reducing skin extrusion was evaluated by at tempting various suturing methods. Results. Two kinds of finite element models were prepared: a conventional s pindle model and a modified S-shape model. The height of the extrusion of t he modified S-shape model was decreased by 40% in comparison with that of t he spindle model. These results agreed with clinical findings. Conclusions. Due to this surgical simulation system of skin sutures, with a rapid three-dimensional surface-measuring device and three-dimensional fin ite element analysis, it was possible to design an appropriate suturing met hod and to evaluate the postoperative skin profiles. The modified S-shape s uture method would be a recommendable method.