Background: Many studies have examined the co-occurrence of depression and
one or two nondepressive disorders; however, little research has looked at
broad spectrum comorbidity (i.e., comorbidity across several diagnostic cat
egories) in depressed patients. Research on diagnostic practices in routine
clinical settings - in which unstructured interviewing is the norm - sugge
sts that comorbid conditions are often not detected [Zimmerman, M., Mattia,
J. 1999. Psychiatric diagnosis in clinical practice: Is comorbidity being
missed? Compr. Psychiatry, 40, 182-191]. In this study we examined the inde
pendent impact of different comorbid diagnostic categories on psychosocial
morbidity in psychiatric outpatients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).
Methods: Participants were drawn from a pool of 1000 psychiatric outpatient
s interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV diagnoses (
SCID-IV; [First, M.B., Spitzer, R.L., Williams, J.B.W., Gibbon, M., 1995. S
tructured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). American Psychiatric Associ
ation, Washington, D.C.]). We compared the demographics, clinical character
istics, and psychosocial functioning of depressed outpatients with and with
out different axis I comorbidities, then conducted multivariate analyses to
determine the respective impact of comorbid axis I disorders. Results: Thr
ee hundred and seventy-three patients had a principal diagnosis of unipolar
MDD. One hundred twenty-nine (34.6%) were diagnosed with MDD only, and 244
(65.4%) had MDD and at least one other axis I disorder. Comorbidity was as
sociated with longer duration of index episode, more psychiatric morbidity,
and more social and occupational impairment. There was also a significant
relationship between increasing number of comorbid axis I disorders and gre
ater psychiatric and psychosocial impairment. In regression analyses, comor
bidity burden (i.e., the number of comorbid axis I disorders) showed the st
rongest relation to psychiatric and psychosocial impairment. Limitations: T
his is not a random sample of depressed outpatients and, thus, may not be g
eneralizable to all outpatients with depression. Second, Axes II and III co
morbidity were not assessed. Conclusions: Comorbidity burden showed the str
ongest relation to impairment over and above the presence of any particular
class of disorders. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science BY All rights reserved.