Using the model structure of Easley and O'Hara (Journal of Finance, 47
, 577-604), we demonstrate bow the parameters of the market-maker's be
liefs can be estimated from trade data. We show how to extract informa
tion from both trade and no-trade intervals, and how intraday and inte
rday data provide information. We derive and evaluate tests of model s
pecification and estimate the information contest of differential trad
e sizes. Our work provides a framework; for testing extant microstruct
ure models, shows how to extract the information contained in the trad
ing process, and demonstrates the empirical importance of asymmetric i
nformation models for asset prices.