A sensitive and reproducible real-time PCR assay based on TaqMan technology
was developed for the detection and quantitation of hepatitis B virus (HBV
) DNA in serum, and compared with an "in-house" qualitative PCR assay. HBV
DNA was measured in 125 serum samples from 76 hepatitis B patients, consist
ing of 22 patients with an acute infection, 20 patients with a previous his
tory of hepatitis B infection, and 34 patients with a chronic hepatitis B.
Four patients with a chronic infection were treated with either an IFN-alph
a monotherapy or a combination of IFN-alpha and lamivudine. Twenty-nine ser
a from healthy individuals and non-hepatitis B patients served as negative
controls. The assay was validated by using a 10-fold dilution series of the
World Virological Quality Control (VQC) sample containing 3.73 x 10(7) gen
ome equivalents per ml. The detection limit for the real-time PCR was 3.73
x 10(2) genome equivalents per ml (geq/ml), while it was 3.73 x 10(3) geq/m
l for the in-house PCR. The real-time PCR assay had an 8-logarithm dynamic
range spanning from 10(2) to 10(10) geq/ml. In clinical serum samples, the
real-time PCR and the in-house PCR detected HBV DNA in 81% (101/125) and 66
% (83/125) of samples, respectively. HBV DNA was not detected among the neg
ative controls by either of these assays. In conclusion, real-time PCR is a
sensitive, specific, and a reproducible approach for the detection and qua
ntitation of HBV DNA in clinical serum samples, useful also for monitoring
the efficacy of antiviral treatment. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.