The Ussing model has long provided the conceptual foundation for understand
ing epithelial transport mechanisms energized by the Na+-K+-ATPase. Plasma
membranes may also use the vacuolar (V-type) H+-ATPase as the primary energ
y source of membrane and epithelial transport. A pure electrogenic pump, th
e V-type H+-ATPase energizes not only membranes it inhabits but also other
transport pathways via electrical coupling.