Hodgkin's disease as a second malignant neoplasm in childhood: Report of acase and review of the literature

Them is a known association between lymphoid malignancy and Hodgkin's disea se (HD), but the development of HD in children who have been treated for le ukemia or lymphoma is very uncommon. Hodgkin's disease is, after retinoblas toma, the most common primary tumor that is associated with development of second malignant neoplasm. For reasons that remain to be determined, HD is very rare as a second malignancy [1, 2, 3]. We report the case of a eight-year-old girl who developed HD 6 years after treatment for common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This case prompted us to review the published literature for cases of secondary II-D in child hood. Our experience suggests that we should follow strictly our patients with AL L and be ready to intervene with invasive diagnostic procedures at the leas t suspicion of a second or recurrent neoplasm. The most frequent causes of second tumors are radiotherapy, genetic susceptibility and prior treatment with certain chemotherapeutic agents, such cis nitrogen mustards. It is lik ely that any type of immunodeficiency, even without symptoms, might play a role in the development of second tumors in childhood.