The great agricultural transition: Crisis, change, and social consequencesof twentieth century US farming

One of the most profound changes in the United States in the past century i s the national abandonment of farming as a livelihood strategy. This change is evident both in the exodus of Americans from farming and in the conditi ons faced by the farmers remaining, most of whom are marginal producers in an increasingly concentrated industry. In this article, we provide a retros pective account of the empirical and sociological fate of family farmers. W hile sociologists have had longstanding interest in agrarian change, resear ch on contemporary farmers is largely confined to speciality publications, with a loss to the discipline at large. We examine three distinct research traditions that continue to document farm transformation: research on macro -level transformation, community impacts, and household response. While the se traditions evolved separately, we describe how they overlap and inform e ach other. Most notably, research on household and community responses deli neates meso- and micro-level institutional factors that extend macro-level theory. Research on the contemporary farm population offers an alternative context in which to interrogate conventional accounts of economic developme nt; such research yields insights about aspects of social life being redisc overed as part of the new economy and continues to pull sociologists into p olitically charged public policy debates.