Alcohol-induced activation of penicillin V acylase from Streptomyces lavend
ulae by some water-miscible primary alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, I-p
ropanol and 1-butanol has been extensively studied. The effects of various
concentrations of these alcohols on the maximum velocity of penicillin V hy
drolysis (V-max) and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K-m) of the en
zyme are reported. Lineweaver-Burk analyses of the kinetic data revealed a
phenomenon of nonessential activation in the presence of short-chain primar
y alcohols. In the concentration range where activation was observed, conve
ntional secondary replots of 1/Delta slope or 1/Delta intercept versus 1/[a
lcohol] yielded perfect straight lines, demonstrating the binding of a sing
le molecule of alcohol to an activator site in penicillin V acylase. Furthe
rmore, the enzyme displayed a propensity to bind the longer chain alcohols,
as reflected by the dissociation constant K-A. values of 493, 369, 228 and
11.8 mM for methanol, ethanol, I-propanol and 1-butanol, respectively. The
refore, we have proposed a high affinity activator site for alcohols in the
enzyme. Very hydrophobic alcohols such as 1-butanol bind more efficiently
to this activator site and convert the enzyme form one conformation to anot
her one, which is catalytically more effective than the alcohol-free form o
f the penicillin acylase. Further addition of alcohol results in a competit
ive inhibition of the enzyme in its activated state. An inverse relationshi
p between the chain length of the alcohols and the breakpoints in the bipha
sic normalized V-max/K-m ratio versus alcohol concentration plots was obser
ved. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.