The parameter estimation theory is considered the best way to estimate ther
mophysical properties from dynamic experiments. This approach deals with me
asurement and model errors in a statistical context and provides useful inf
ormation to optimize the experiment. The experience gained in ten years of
implementation of inverse algorithms based on the parameter estimation theo
ry (CLS, MAP, and Kalman filtering) is summarized and presented. Several ex
amples of estimation of thermophysical properties using transient and pulse
techniques are reported and discussed. The thermal conductivity, specific
heat capacity, and total hemispherical emissivity of different materials (l
ight insulators, Pyrex, and niobium) are presented and compared with data o
btained with consolidated techniques and with literature data.