Race and the decision to refer for coronary revascularization - The effectof physician awareness of patient ethnicity

OBJECTIVES We sought to assess whether there were differences, relative to racial ethnicity, in coronary revascularization recommendations made by a p anel that had no knowledge of the patients' ethnicity. BACKGROUND Coronary revascularization is employed less frequently in Africa n American than in white patients. It is unclear whether this utilization p attern is driven by clinical differences between the two populations or by nonclinical factors. METHODS Data were reviewed from 938 (26.5% African American, 73.5% white) c onsecutive cardiac catheterizations done between 1993 and 1995. Revasculari zation recommendations were made by cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeo ns provided with the patients' clinical and angiographic data, but without knowledge of their ethnicity. Revascularization recommendations were compar ed between African American and white patients and correlated with clinical characteristics. RESULTS No difference was noted in the percentage of African American and w hite patients recommended for revascularization, without reference to wheth er the recommendation was for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplast y (PTCA) or for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) 40 vs. 46%, p = NS). African Americans were recommended more frequently for PTCA (22 vs. 1 8%, p = NS), whereas CABG was recommended for more white patients (28 vs. 1 8%, p = 0.002). Significantly fewer African Americans had disease in the le ft main or left anterior descending coronary artery or in multiple arteries . After adjusting for age, co-morbidity, left ventricular dysfunction and t he extent of coronary disease, African Americans were more likely to have a recommendation for PTCA (odds ratio [OR] 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI ] 0.96 to 2.11, p = 0.08) and less likely to have a recommendation for CABG (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.94, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that when only clinical factors are conside red, the rates of recommendations for revascularization will be similar for white and African American patients; but the type of revascularization pro cedure may differ by ethnicity and may depend, in part, on clinical factors . (C) 2001 by the American College of Cardiology.