High prevalence of coeliac disease in a population-based study from Western Australia: a case for screening?

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of coeliac disease in an Australian rural community. Design: Retrospective analysis of stored serum samples from 3011 random sub jects from the Busselton Health Study. IgA antiendomysial antibodies (AEA) were detected by indirect immunofluorescence, and subjects testing positive were contacted and offered small-bowel biopsy. Main outcome measures: Prevalence of AEA positivity and biopsy-proven coeli ac disease in the community with reference to the proportion of symptomatic to asymptomatic patients. Results: 10 of 3011 subjects were AEA positive. One subject had died, one s ubject could not be traced and one refused small-bowel biopsy. All subjects with detectable AEA who consented to biopsy had pathological changes consi stent with coeliac disease. The prevalence of newly diagnosed biopsy-proven coeliac disease is 7 in 3011 (1 in 430). Two further subjects had a diagno sis of coeliac disease before this study. When all AEA-positive patients an d those previously diagnosed are included, the prevalence is 12/3011 (1 in 251). There was a significant clustering of cases in the 30-50-years age ra nge, with 10/12 (83%; 95% Cl, 52%-98%) aged between 30 and 50 years, compar ed with 1092/3011 (36%; 95% Cl, 35%-38%) of the total population (P < 0.03) . Of the eight AEA-positive subjects who could be contacted, four had sympt oms consistent with coeliac disease and four were asymptomatic. Three subje cts were iron-deficient, four subjects had first-degree relatives with coel iac disease and one subject had type 1 diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: The prevalence of coeliac disease is high in a rural Australia n community. Most patients are undiagnosed, and asymptomatic.