Social exchange and well-being: Is giving better than receiving?

This research examined the effects of giving and receiving assistance on ps ychological well-being while taking into account other salient dimensions o f social support including negative interaction and anticipated support. St ructural equation models were evaluated by using data derived from a nation al probability sample of 1,103 individuals aged 65 years or older. Results indicate that the major dimensions of social support are significantly inte rrelated, not only directly but also indirectly. Giving and receiving suppo rt have both positive and negative consequences on well-being. With referen ce to the role of reciprocity, the evidence provides some support for the h ypothesis of esteem enhancement instead of social exchange and equity theor ies.