A generalized approach to the vicarious calibration of multiple Earth observation sensors using hyperspectral data

The paper describes a new methodology that uses spatially extensive hypersp ectral imagery as reference data to carry out vicarious radiometric calibra tions for multiple satellite sensors. The methodology has been validated us ing data from a campaign at the Railroad Valley playa test site in Nevada i n June 1998. The proof of concept has been further tested based on data acq uisition campaigns at the Newell County rangeland test site in Alberta in A ugust and October 1998. The rangeland test site in the Newell County region of Alberta is tested for its suitability as a calibration test site for sa tellite sensor systems. All three campaigns included ground-based measureme nts, satellite imagery and airborne hyperspectral data. The airborne hypers pectral sensor data were acquired using the Airborne Visible and Infrared I maging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) at Railroad Valley and the Compact Airborne Sp ectrographic Imager (casi) in all three campaigns. This paper describes the formulation and implementation of the new methodology, and radiometric cal ibration monitoring results obtained for five different sensors: NOAA-14 AV HRR, OrbView-2 SeaWiFS, SPOT-4 VGT, SPOT-1/2 HRV, and Landsat-5 TM. The res ults indicate that the nominal on-orbit radiometric calibrations of all the satellite sensors fit within their predicted uncertainties. The combinatio n of both lower-reflectance and higher-reflectance test sites is shown to i mprove the quality of the calibration monitoring results. In particular, th e combined QUASAR monitoring results obtained from the three airborne data acquisition days at the two test sites, encompassing five satellite sensors and a total of 40 spectral band cases, yield a correlation between QUASAR- based and nominal TOA radiances characterized by y = 1.026x - 1.26, and r(2 )=0.990. Temporal extensions of QUASAR data sets to calibrate satellite sen sors imaging the test site one or more days away from the airborne data acq uisition day yield mixed results. Crown Copyright (C) 2001 Published by Els evier Science Inc, All rights reserved.