Rl. Mackman et al., HEME D(1) - DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW COUPLING PROCEDURE LEADING TO THE SYNTHESIS OF ISOBACTERIOCHLORINS, Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin transactions. I, (14), 1997, pp. 2111-2122
A new approach has been developed for construction of the western and
eastern lactams, e.g. 2 and 3, needed for synthesis of isobacteriochlo
rins, It involves acylation of pyrroles with lactonic acids to form ke
tones. These are then efficiently converted into the desired lactams b
y a short sequence of reactions, Ail the steps are high yielding and s
imple to carry out.