The multifunctional capsid proteins of plant RNA viruses

This article summarizes studies of viral coat (capsid) proteins (CPs) of RN A plant viruses. In addition, we discuss and seek to interpret the knowledg e accumulated to date. Cps are named for their primary function; to encapsi date viral genomic nucleic acids. However, encapsidation is only one featur e of an extremely diverse array of structural, functional, and ecological r oles played during viral infection and spread. Herein, we consider the evol ution of viral CPs and their multitude of interactions with factors encoded by the virus, host plant, or viral vector (biological transmission agent) that influence the infection and epidemiological facets of plant disease. I n addition, applications of today's understanding of CPs in the protection of crops from viral infection and use in the manufacture of valuable compou nds are considered.