Toward a theory of individual differences and leadership: Understanding the motivation to lead

A broad, integrative theoretical framework for understanding the relationsh ip between individual differences and various leader behaviors is presented ; it proposes a new individual-differences construct called the motivation to lead (MTL). A large-scale study using 3 samples in different occupationa l and cultural contexts shows 3 factors underlying MTL, namely, affective-i dentity, noncalculative, and social-normative MTL. A parsimonious model of antecedents to MTL is developed through hierarchical regression modeling an d is cross-validated using confirmatory latent variable modeling. MTL is sh own to provide incremental validity over other predictors such as general c ognitive ability, values, personality, and attitudes in the prediction of 2 behavioral measures of leadership potential. Findings are discussed with r eference to the theoretical framework proposed for understanding individual differences in leader behavior.