A controlled smoking cessation trial for substance-dependent inpatients

Smoking treatment for newly recovering drug and alcohol-dependent smokers i n a residential rehabilitation program was examined. The randomly assigned conditions (n = 50 each) were multicomponent smoking treatment (MST), MST p lus generalization training of smoking Cessation to drug and alcohol cessat ion (MST + G), or usual care (UC). Fifty participants who declined smoking treatment (treatment refusers) also were studied. Both treatment conditions achieved continuous smoking abstinence rates (MST: 12%, MST + G: 10%, at 1 2-month follow-up) that were significantly higher than in the UC condition (0%). The MST condition had a continuous drug and alcohol abstinence rate t hat was significantly higher than that of the MST + G condition (40% vs. 20 % at 12-month follow-up) although neither differed significantly from that of the UC condition (33%). These results support the feasibility of smoking treatment for this population and provide information regarding appropriat e treatment components.