An exchange-biased Co/NiO bilayer was studied by measuring element specific
hysteresis loops. A phase-sensitive detection scheme based on fast switchi
ng of the polarization of the X-rays was developed for this measurement. Un
compensated Ni2+ spins at the Co/NiO interface were observed for the first
time. In addition, part of the Ni2+ spins were found to switch with the Co
layer. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.