Pressure contours on forming dies. Part 1. Simulation using physical modelling technique

In contemporary practice, tool design and its optimisation is accomplished largely through the use of empirical knowledge and extensive experience. A considerable amount of trial and error is necessary in order to be able to set-up a tool for a reliable and reproducible process. One of the major aim s of cold-forging research, therefore, is to reduce this trial and error pr ocedure. This can be achieved by means of the physical model technique comb ined with the necessary calculations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All ri ghts reserved.