Jl. Cao et al., Hydrogen-induced degradation of PMN-based relaxor ferroelectrics during nickel electroplating, MATER RES B, 36(12), 2001, pp. 2103-2109
The effects of nickel electroplating on electrical properties of PMN-based
relaxor ferroelectrics were studied by measuring the resistance and tempera
ture dependence of dielectric constant and dissipation factor. It was found
that the insulation resistivity of the specimens declined nonlinearly with
electroplating time. Additionally, the dielectric constant and dissipation
factor were reduced and enhanced respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectro
scopy (XPS) analysis showed that Nb5+ and Pb2+ were partially reduced to Nb
4+ and metallic Pb by hydrogen during nickel electroplating, which conseque
ntly generated oxygen vacancies and conductive electrons in view of defect
chemistry, thereby the conduction was enhanced. On the basis of our experim
ents, the degradation of electrical properties of PMN-based ferroelectrics
was ascribed to resistive leakage resulting from Nb5+ and Pb2+ reductions t
o lower charge states by hydrogen. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All right
s reserved.