Length of stay as a source of bias in comparing performance in VA and private sector facilities - Lessons learned from a regional evaluation of intensive care outcomes
Pj. Kaboli et al., Length of stay as a source of bias in comparing performance in VA and private sector facilities - Lessons learned from a regional evaluation of intensive care outcomes, MED CARE, 39(9), 2001, pp. 1014-1024
Citations number
40
Categorie Soggetti
Public Health & Health Care Science","Health Care Sciences & Services
OBJECTIVES. Compare intensive care unit (ICU) mortality and length of stay
(LOS) in a VA hospital and private sector hospitals and examine the impact
of hospital utilization on mortality comparisons.
RESEARCH DESIGN. Retrospective cohort study.
SUBJECTS. Consecutive ICU admissions to a VA hospital (n = 1,142) and 27 pr
ivate sector hospitals (n = 51,249) serving the same health care market in
1994 to 1995.
MEASURES. Mortality and ICU LOS were adjusted for severity of illness using
a validated method that considers physiologic data from the first 24 hours
of ICU admission. Mortality comparisons were made using two different mult
ivariable techniques.
RESULTS. Unadjusted in-hospital mortality was higher in VA patients (14.5%
vs. 12.0%; P = 0.01), as was hospital (28.3 vs. 11.3 days; P <0.001) and IC
U (4.3 vs. 3.9 days; P <0.001) LOS. Using logistic regression to adjust for
severity, the odds of death was similar in VA patients, relative to privat
e sector patients (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.93-1.44; P = 0.18). However, a higher
proportion of VA deaths occurred after 21 hospital days (33% vs. 13%; P <0.
001). Using proportional hazards regression and censoring patients at hospi
tal discharge, the risk for death was lower in VA patients (hazard ratio 0.
70; 95% CI 0.59-0.82; P <0.001). After adjusting for severity, differences
in ICU LOS were no longer significant (P = 0.19).
CONCLUSIONS. Severity-adjusted mortality in ICU patients was lower in a VA
hospital than in private sector hospitals in the same health care market, b
ased on proportional hazards regression. This finding differed from logisti
c regression analysis, in which mortality was similar, suggesting that comp
arisons of hospital mortality between systems with different hospital utili
zation patterns may be biased if LOS is not considered. If generalizable to
other markets, our findings further suggest that ICU outcomes are at least
similar in VA hospitals.