Executive functioning and olfactory identification in young adults with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

Young adults with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; N = 105) were compared with a control group (N = 64) on 14 measures of executive fun ction and olfactory identification using a 2 (group) X 2 (sex) design. The ADHD group performed significantly worse on 11 measures. No Group X Sex int eraction was found on any measures. No differences were found in the ADHD g roup as a function of ADHD subtype or comorbid oppositional defiant disorde r. Comorbid depression influenced the results of only I test (Digit Symbol) . After IQ was controlled for, some group differences in verbal working mem ory, attention, and odor identification were no longer significant, whereas those in inhibition, interference control, nonverbal working memory, and o ther facets of attention remained so. Executive function deficits found in childhood ADHD exist in young adults with ADHD and are largely not influenc ed by comorbidity but may be partly a function of low intelligence.