Generating derived relational networks via the abstraction of common physical properties: A possible model of analogical reasoning

The aim of this study was to provide a demonstration of equivalence-equival ence responding based on the abstraction of common formal properties, thus extending the functional-analytic model of analogical reasoning shown by Ba rnes, Hegarty, and Smeets (1997). In Experiment 1, 9 college students were taught, using a delayed matching-to-sample procedure, to choose a particula r nonsense syllable in the presence of each of four blue and four red geome tric shapes. In a subsequent test, all 9 subjects demonstrated equivalence formation based on the abstraction of color by consistently matching nonsen se syllables related to same-colored shapes to each other. Of these 9 subje cts, 8 then showed equivalence-equivalence responding in which equivalence relations from the previous part of the experiment were related to other eq uivalence relations and nonequivalence relations were related to other none quivalence relations. In Experiment 2, 3 out of 4 additional subjects showe d this analogical-type responding based on larger relational networks than those established in Experiment 1, and in Experiment 3, 3 further subjects showed analogical responding based on the abstraction of the relatively com plex property of age.