Correlates of expressed and received violence across relationship types among men and women substance abusers

This study examined expressed and received violence among men and women in substance abuse treatment. Rates of past-year partner violence (PV) did not differ by gender, although men reported markedly higher rates of nonpartne r violence (NPV). Compared with PV, NPV was associated with more demographi c and background factors (e.g., childhood aggression and conduct problems, family history of violence). The most consistent correlates of violence acr oss relationship types were age, minority status, drug-related consequences , psychiatric distress, and frequency of childhood aggression, Only a few g ender-specific correlates were identified; most notably, witnessing father- to-mother violence was related to received PV only for women. Identificatio n of correlates of expressed and received violence in partner and nonpartne r relationships is essential for the assessment and treatment of individual s in substance abuse treatment settings.