Systemic arterial supply to the lungs in adults: Spiral CT findings

Systemic arterial supply to the lungs can be congenital or due to acquired disease. Congenital diseases encompass bronchopulmonary sequestration and c ongenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome, in which the involved lung parenchy ma is supplied by the aberrant systemic arteries. An anomalous systemic art ery can also supply an area of otherwise normal lung parenchyma. In acquire d diseases, hypertrophied normal systemic arteries supply the lungs. Hypert rophied systemic arteries include the bronchial arteries, intercostal arter ies, internal mammary arteries, inferior phrenic arteries, branches of the thyrocervical trunk, branches of the hepatic arteries, and branches of the abdominal aorta. Hypertrophy of normal systemic arteries is encountered in patients with bronchiectasis, pulmonary tuberculosis, other pulmonary infec tions, pulmonary thromboembolism, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These systemic arteries are considered to supply the lungs by means of ana stomoses between bronchial and pulmonary arteries within the lung parenchym a or transpleural systemic-pulmonary artery anastomoses. In most cases, the correct diagnosis and treatment plan can be determined by identification o f the systemic arteries on computed tomographic scans.