Interactions between polyaniline and viologens

The interactions between polyaniline (PANi) and viologen solutions were inv estigated. The changes in the structure of PANi were monitored using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy. The re sults indicated that electron transfer from PANi to viologen occurs readily , resulting in the formation of positively charged nitrogen species in the PANi. This is accompanied by an increase in conductivity of the PANi, toget her with a transfer of halogen anions from the viologen to PANi. Dissolved oxygen appears to play an important role in these interactions. (C) 2001 El sevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.