Minimizing potential resistance: A population dynamics view

I examine the results of studies that used mathematical models of the epide miology and population genetics of antibiotic treatment and resistance in o pen communities and in hospitals to explore the following issues: the relat ionship between antibiotic consumption and the frequency of antibiotic resi stance in bacterial populations in communities and in hospitals; methods of controlling the growth, dissemination, and persistence of antibiotic resis tance in these settings; the extent to which resistance can be controlled; and the speed with which the effects of control measures will be realized. In open communities, it will take years or even decades to see substantial reductions in the frequency of antibiotic resistance solely as a result of more prudent (reduced) use of antibiotics. However, if we can restrict the input of resistant bacteria into hospitals, through the application of infe ction control and other measures, it should be possible to reduce the frequ ency of resistance and even eliminate resistant bacteria from these institu tions in short order.