P. Hobisch-hagen et al., Blunted erythropoietic response to anemia in multiply traumatized patients(Reprinted from Critical Care Medicine, vol 29, pg 743-747, 2001), CRIT CARE M, 29(9), 2001, pp. S157-S161
Objectives: To assess the relations between anemia, serum erythropoietin (E
PO), iron status, and inflammatory mediators in multiply traumatized patien
ts.
Design: Prospective observational study.
Setting: Intensive care unit.
Patients: Twenty-three patients suffering from severe trauma (injury severi
ty score greater than or equal to 30).
Interventions: None.
Measurements and Main Results: Blood samples were collected within 12 hrs a
fter the accident (day 1) and in the morning on days 2, 4, 6, and 9 to dete
rmine blood cell status, serum EPO, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)
, soluble tumor necrosis factor-receptor I (sTNF-rl), interleukin-1 recepto
r antagonist (IL1-ra), interleukin-6 (IL-6), neopterin, and iron status, re
spectively. Hemoglobin concentration was low at admission (mean, 10.0 g/dL;
range, 6.8-12.9 g/dL) and did not increase during the observation time. Se
rum EPO concentration was 49.8 U/L (mean value) on day 1 and did not show s
ignificant increases thereafter. No correlation was found between EPO and h
emoglobin concentrations. TNF-alpha remained within the normal range. sTNF-
rl was high at admission and increased further. IL1-ra was above the normal
range. IL-6 was very high at admission and did not decrease thereafter. Th
e initial neopterin concentration was normal, but increased until day 9. Se
rum iron was significantly decreased on day 2 posttrauma and remained low d
uring the study. Serum ferritin increased steadily from day 2, reaching its
maximum on day 9. In contrast, concentrations of transferrin were low from
admission onward.
Conclusions: Multiply traumatized patients exhibit an inadequate EPO respon
se to low hemoglobin concentrations. Thus, anemia in severe trauma is the r
esult of a complex network of bleeding, blunted EPO response to low hemoglo
bin concentrations, inflammatory mediators, and a hypoferremic state.