fMRI priors for the linear inverse estimation of EEG cortical sources

In this paper, advanced methods for the modeling of human cortical activity from combined high-resolution electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data are reviewed. These methods include a subject's multicompartment head model (scalp, skull, dura mater, cortex) constructed from magnetic resonance images, multidipole source model, and r egularized linear inverse source estimate based on boundary element mathema tics. Furthermore, determination of the priors in the resolution of the lin ear inverse problem was performed with the use of information from the hemo dynamic responses of the cortical areas as revealed by block-designed (stre ngth of activated voxels) and event-related (coupling of activated voxels) fMRI. Linear inverse source estimates of cortical activity were regularized by taking into account the covariance of background EEG sensor noise. As a n example, these methods were applied to EEG (128 electrodes) and fMRI data , which were recorded in separate sessions while normal subjects executed v oluntary right one-digit movements.