Growth and development of children to 4 years of age after repeated antenatal steroid administration

It is common practice to repeat antenatal steroid administration after 7 to 10 days in women who continue to be at risk for preterm delivery. However, safety and efficacy of repeated courses have not been established. Mothers of singleton infants who had more than five courses of betamethasone (80-1 20 mg cumulative dose) were eligible for this cohort study. Index patients (IP) were compared to concurrent controls who had less than or equal to1 co urse but were matched for sex and gestational age. Of 35 IP born between 19 86 and 1995 in a single perinatal centre, 28 were available for follow-up a nd could be matched. There was no difference between groups with respect to maternal age and gestational age at delivery. Median gestational age at in itial treatment was 26.3 weeks (25th percentile 25.1 weeks, 75th percentile 27.2 weeks) in IP. There was no significant difference between groups in h ead circumference, length and body weight at birth and at age 4 years. The ability to sit and to walk without assistance and to use two-word phrases w as attained at similar ages. The use of glasses or hearing aids, allergies, asthma or recurrent upper respiratory infections were not reported more fr equently in IP. Conclusion: this study failed to ascertain adverse long-ter m effects of repeated antenatal-steroid administration in infants and child ren to the age of 4 years. In contrast to a similar Australian study, we we re unable to demonstrate a lower birth size in expose infants even though o ur sample size for women with more than five courses and their cumulative d oses were larger.