Multiply homeless families: The insidious impact of violence

Little is known about the dynamics of homelessness among families that have been homeless more than once. Using longitudinal data from the Worcester F amily Research Project, this article describes the duration of family homel essness, compares the characteristics of mothers who had been homeless only once with those who had been homeless multiple times, and identifies facto rs that contribute to repeated episodes of family homelessness. Certain factors such as interpersonal violence, especially during childhood , were highly associated with residential instability. At baseline, multipl y homeless mothers had higher rates of childhood sexual abuse and stranger violence than their first-time homeless counterparts. Sexual molestation du ring childhood was also an important predictor of recidivism. When the samp le was followed prospectively, first-time homeless mothers who experienced partner violence after being rehoused were more than three times as likely to experience a second homeless episode. Although homelessness is primarily a structural problem, national housing policy for poor people must be comb ined with supportive programs.