PCS antenna design: The challenge of miniaturization

PCS (personal communication system) devices have become an important part o f everyday life. The pressure to design small, lightweight, and user-friend ly mobile-communication devices has increased accordingly, creating the nee d for optimal antennas for mobile applications. In this paper, we present s ome basic rules about electrically small antennas, give clues and guideline s about efficient antenna miniaturization, and, finally, show some examples of miniature antennas developed in our laboratory for practical applicatio ns.