On ion flow caused by the inductive electric field in a tokamak

It was recently pointed out that the inductive electric field in a tokamak can give rise to toroidal and poloidal plasma rotation comparable to that s ometimes observed in experiments. Here it is shown that the flow velocity o f heavy impurity ions, which is normally what is measured, is lower than th at of the bulk plasma for rotation produced in this way. If the bulk ions a nd electrons are in the banana regime, the impurity rotation is at most abo ut two thirds of the bulk plasma rotation and decreases with increasing eff ective ion charge (Z(eff)) and distance from the magnetic axis.