This article describes the massacre of 35 women in the Paris Hospital de la
Salpetriere in September 1792. The killing of the women in the city's larg
est prison-hospital complex for women was a uniqne event in the French Revo
lution's history because it was the only all-female institution targeted du
ring the September Massacres. Using archival documents, the author explores
what the violence against women in Salpetriere suggests about gender and p
unishment at the dawn of modernity.