Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed herpes simplex virus (HSV) and var
icella zoster virus (VZV) DNA in human nodose and celiac ganglia. This is t
he first detection of VZV DNA in ganglia of the human autonomic nervous sys
tem. The ability of reactivated VZV to produce serious, sometimes fatal neu
rological disease in the absence of rash, raises the possibility that VZV r
eactivation from autonomic ganglia might be involved in visceral disease.