Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: Patterns of use, effects and withdrawal

Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is gaining popularity as a drug of abuse. R eports of toxicity and lethality associated with GHB use have increased. Th is survey study was designed to identify patterns of GHB use, its effects, and withdrawal syndrome. A survey inquiring about the effects of GHB was ad ministered to 42 users. The results showed that GHB was used to increased f eelings of euphoria, relaxation, and sexuality. Adverse effects occurred mo re frequently in daily users and polydrug users than in occasional GHB user s. Loss of consciousness iras reported by 66%, overdose by 28%, and amnesia by 13% of participants during GHB use and by 45% after GHB use. Three dail y users developed a withdrawal syndrome that presented with anxiety, agitat ion, tremor, and delirium. Participants described GHB intoxication as havin g similarities to sedative-hypnotic or alcohol intoxication. Regular use ba s been shown to produce tolerance and dependence. Participants dependent on GHB reported using multiple daily doses around the clock. High frequency u sers appeared at the greatest risk for developing withdrawal delirium and p sychosis after abrupt discontinuation of GHB use.