Deception by researchers is necessary and not necessarily evil

Despite claims of pure pragmatism, Hertwig and Ortmann's negative perspecti ve on deception suggests a selfish psychologist willing to sacrifice the re putation of the discipline in order to expedite the research. Although ques tions that appear to have correct answers may be investigated with complete openness, research that delves into personal secrets often requires decept ion as a tool to counter self-presentation bias.