N. Amellal et al., Distribution and location of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PAH-degrading bacteria within polluted soil aggregates, BIODEGRADAT, 12(1), 2001, pp. 49-57
A study was conducted to determine the location and distribution of PAH and
PAH-degrading bacteria in different aggregate size fractions of an industr
ially polluted soil. The estimation of PAH-degrading bacteria using an MPN
microplate technique indicated that these bacteria are most numerous in the
aggregate size fractions corresponding to fine silt (2-20 mum) and clay (<
2 mum) compared to larger fractions or unfractionated soil. PAH concentrati
ons were also highest in the aggregate size fraction corresponding to fine
silt. Similar results were found in a spiked soil (incubated for 6 months)
with similar carbonated minerals. Transmission electron microscopy observat
ions showed that the autochtonous PAH-degrading bacteria were embedded in t
he aggregates where PAHs were abundant. In spite of this extensive co-local
isation PAH degradation was limited during 6 months incubation. This indica
tes that factors other than spatial distribution and PAH degrading ability
control degradation rates. The fine silt fraction of the industrial soil ha
d an elevated C/N ratio (35) compared to the clay fraction (C/N: 16). Thus
the fraction which assumably had the highest specific surface area containe
d less PAH but similar numbers of PAH-degraders. N thus seem to play an imp
ortant role in the long term, but as PAH degradation was low in fine size f
ractions, other sources/factors were probably limiting (easily degradable C
, P org, O-2 etc.). Based on these findings, soil particle organization and
structure of soil aggregates appear to be important for the characterizati
on of a polluted soil (localization and sequestration). Manipulations that
modify aggregation in polluted soils could thus potentially influence the a
ccessibility and biodegradability of PAHs.