Mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of strontium in bone

The processes of bone resorption and formation are tightly governed by a va riety of systemic and local regulatory agents. In addition, minerals and tr ace elements affect bone formation and resorption through direct or indirec t effects on bone cells or bone mineral. Some trace elements closely chemic ally related to calcium, such as strontium (Sr), have pharmacological effec ts on bone when present at levels higher than those required for normal cel l physiology. Indeed, strontium was found to exert several effects on bone cells. In addition to its antiresorptive activity, strontium was found to h ave anabolic activity in bone, and this may have significant beneficial eff ects on bone balance in normal and osteopenic animals. Accordingly, stronti um has been thought to have potential interest in the treatment of osteopor osis. This review summarizes the mechanisms of action of strontium on bone cells, the evidence for its beneficial effects on bone mass in vivo, and it s potential therapeutic effects in osteopenic disorders.