Evolving policies to regulate pollution from animal feeding operations

Due to concentrations of animals at large facilities, animal feeding operat ions (AFOs) have emerged as a major potential source of water pollution. Th e federal government regulates concentrated animal feeding operations under its point-source pollution permitting regulations. A major determinant of whether an operation must apply for a permit is the number of animals at an individual lot or facility. This paper examines federal mandatory controls and voluntary guidelines that seek to reduce contaminant, pollution from A FOs. Land treatment practices are delineated due to their importance in red ucing the injurious by-products of agricultural production. An evaluation o f proposed revisions to federal regulations on confined animal feeding oper ations suggests they diverge from their goal of controlling water pollution . Federal regulations focus on the size of operation and amount of manure g overned by the permitting process to the exclusion of other criteria relate d to the impairment of water quality. Given the uncertainties about the amo unt of pollution from AFOs, lack of enforcement of existing regulations, lo calization of problems, and possible alternatives for addressing the pollut ion, more demanding federal regulations may not form an appropriate respons e.