This paper proposes a neural network architecture designed to exhibit learn
ing and communication capabilities via imitation. Our architecture allows a
"protoimitation" behavior using the "perception ambiguity" inherent in rea
l environments. In the perspective of turntaking and gestural communication
between two agents, new experiments on movement synchronization in an inte
raction game are presented. Synchronization is obtained as a global attract
or depending on the coupling between agents' dynamic. We also discuss the n
onsupervised context of the imitation process and we present new experiment
s in which the same architecture is able to learn perception-action associa
tions without any explicit reinforcement. The learning is based on the abil
ity to detect novelty or irregularities in the communication rhythm.