The synthesis of nanocrystalline anatase and rutile titania in mixed organic media

The synthesis of anatase and rutile titania could be achieved in mixed orga nic media with the variation of alcohols in the media under mild conditions . Although a nonhydrolytic process cannot be excluded, it is suggested that the formation of titania in these systems is based mainly on the hydrolyti c process initiated by the water generated as a result of an esterification reaction between the alcohols and acetic acid. It has been found that the phase of the TiO2 produced depends on the choice of alcohols and temperatur e. Partial morphology and size are also affected by these factors. It is pr oposed that the viscosity and pressure of the reaction media influence the particle size. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman s pectroscopy, and UV-visible adsorption spectroscopy were employed to charac terize the final products.