We report a case of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) in a patient with the
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Stag
e A2, with no previous history of cutaneous or systemic leishmaniasis. The
patient had not travelled outside the province of Malaga, on the Mediterran
ean coast of southern Spain, so that it concerns an indigenous case, extrem
ely unusual in this area. The HIV infection may well have influenced the de
fence against leishmania, but the exact mechanism by which this occurred is
unknown.