Bj. Turner et al., Effects of drug abuse and mental disorders on use and type of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected persons, J GEN INT M, 16(9), 2001, pp. 625-633
OBJECTIVE: To distinguish the effects of drug abuse, mental disorders, and
problem drinking on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and highly active ART (HAA
RT) use.
DESIGN. Prospective population-based probability sample of 2,267 (represent
ing 213,308) HIV-infected persons in care In the United States in early 199
6.
MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported ART from first (January 1997-July 1997) to seco
nd (August 1997-January 1998) follow-up interviews. Drug abuse/dependence,
severity of abuse, alcohol use, and probable mental disorders assessed in t
he first followup Interview. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence
intervals (Cls) estimated from weighted models for 1) receipt of any ART,
and 2) receipt of HAART among those on ART.
RESULTS: Of our study population, ART was reported by 90% and HAART by 61%.
Over one third had a probable mental disorder and nearly half had abused a
ny drugs, but drug dependence (9%) or severe abuse (10%) was infrequent. An
y ART was less likely for persons with dysthymia (AOR. 0.74; Cl, 0.58 to 0.
95) but only before adjustment for drug abuse. After full adjustment with m
ental health and drug abuse variables, any ART was less likely for drug dep
endence (AOR, 0.58; CI, 0.34 to 0.97). severe drug abuse (AOR, 0.52; Cl, 0.
32 to 0.87), and MV risk from injection drug use (AOR, 0.55; Cl, 0.39 to 0.
79). Among drug users on ART, only mental health treatment was associated w
ith HAART [AOR, 1.57; Cl, 1.11 to 2.08).
CONCLUSIONS: Drug abuse-related factors were greater barriers to ART use in
this national sample than mental disorders but once on ART, these factors
were unrelated to type of therapy.