Development of clinical MR imaging in Russia and other CIS countries

This paper summarizes the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) i n the health systems of the USSR and later In Russia and the neighboring co untries. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NAM) has been used as a scientific too l in the USSR since the 1940s. In 1982 the first whole-body MR imager was i nstalled. By the end of 1999, 131 MR systems were operating in Russia. Ther e are substantial regional differences In the number of units installed. Ru ssia has a domestic production of low-field MR units. There are also plans for domestic production of MR contrast agents. Other former USSR republics have much less MR equipment. Most of the MRI centers experience difficultie s In maintaining equipment In working condition. Some positive changes in t he national health service systems give reason to believe in an Increase in the quantity of MR units and the quality of their clinical use. (C) 2001 W iley-Liss, Inc.