Conveyance of meandering channels with marginal vegetation

Vegetation along the margins of meandering channels affects conveyance unde r both inbank and overbank flow conditions. Experiments using simulated veg etation with different channel and floodplain geometries have shown that ve getation increases resistance by introducing stem drag, but may also decrea se it by reducing separation at tight bends. For inbank flows, bend resista nce (including vegetation effects) is better accounted for by a bend curvat ure parameter than by sinuosity alone. Conveyance for overbank flows with m arginal vegetation and straight floodplains can be predicted satisfactorily using the James and Wark method with adjustment for vegetation density.